Reversing mechanism for internal-combustion engines



G. W. A. GREEN, WANS AND F. H. LIVENS.

BEVERSING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. V

APPLICAIION HLED SUI-21.1919.

1,327,995. Patented Jan. 13, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

G. W. A. GREEN, 0. WANS AND F. H. LIVENS.

REVERSING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICAIION HLEI) SEIl-ZI. I9I9.

1 ,327,995 Patented Jan. 13, 1920.

5 SHEETSSHEEI 2.

3 5 Sq 5E- e. w. A. GREEN, 0. WANS AND FL H. LIVENS.

REVERSING MECHANISM'FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

1APPLICAHON HLED sun. 21. 1919.

'1 ,327,995 Patented Jan. 192C.

5 SHEETS SHEEI G. W. A. GREEN. WANS AND F. H. LIVENS.

REVERSING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APILICAIION HLED SLII-Zl. I9I9.

1,327,995 Patented Jan. 13, 1920.

s. w; A. GREEN, 0. WANS AND F. H. LIVENS. REVERSING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTIUN ENGINES- APFLICAIION HLhU SUN-27,1919.

1,327,995, Patented Jan. 13, 1920.-

5 SHEETSSHEEI 5- UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIoE. v

GEORGE WILFRID ACLAND GREEN, OSWALD WAN 8,4ND FREDERICK HOWARD LIVENS,

.OF LINCOLN, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO RUSTON AND HORNSBY, LIMITED, '01 LIN-' GOLN, ENGLAND.

BEVERSING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 13, 1920.

Application filed September 27. 1919. Serial No. 326,938.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE WILFRID ACLAND GREEN, OSWALD WANS, and FRED ERICK HOWARD LIVENS, subjects of the King of Great Britain, residing at Sheaf Iron \Vorks, Waterside South, Lincoln, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in Reversing Mechanisms for Internal-Cour bustion Engines,-of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to reversing mechanism for internal combustion engines having two or more cylinders which work on a two-stroke cycle and into which liquid fuel is injected by a pump at or near the end of the compression stroke-during normal forward and backward running and at or near the beginning of the compression stroke for reversin the direction of running.

Accor ing to this invention a fuel 11!]60- tion pump is actuated by an inertia tap'petand an eccentric on the shaft of the engine, and the stroke of the pump is reversed in re lation to the reciprocations of the eccentric rod by altering the path of a joint pin between the eccentric and the tappet. The tappet may be actuated by a link connected to one end of a toggle lever whose other end is anchored to a fixed fulcrum, and the central pin of the toggle lever is connected to an eccentric on a shaft of the engine and the free end of the toggle lever is connected to means for altering its position, thereby reversing the engine.

The movements of the tappets may be controlled by springs whose tension is altered in order to vary the speed at which the tappet will come into engagement with the pump plunger, and also by guide plates which preventthe tappets from actuating the pump when it is so desired. 7

The reversal of the engine is effected by a single stroke longer than the normal stroke.

The annexed drawings illustrate reversing gear made in accordance with this invention. Figure 1 is an elevation drawn to a smaller scale, and Fig. 2 a plan of the toggle arrangement applied to an engine whose cylinders are arranged in pairs.- Fig. 1? shows some of the parts seen in Fig. 1 in the position for reverse running. Fig. 3 shows a clutch upon the driving shaft, Fig. 4 is a plan and Fig. 5 a sectional elevation of the tappet controlling gear. Fig. 6 is a part left hand elevation of Fig. 1', Fig. 7 shows a modified form of the reversing handle, Fig.

8 illustrates diagrammatically in fulll'lines 1 tions of the parts when the crank shaft has turned through 180, and Fig. 9 illustrates in full lines the positions of the parts for obtaining reversal in the direction of running the full lines showing the parts when the uel pump reaches the end of. its delivery stroke, and the dotted lines the positions. that these parts would take up after 180 further motion of the crank shaft.

In order'that the mechanism may be more readily understood we will first describe the diagram Figs. 8 and 9. An inertia ta pet a which is reciprocated over a shou dered guide plate I) engages with and actuates the fuel pump plunger. This tappet is pivot ally supported at the rear end upon a rocking link 0 pivoted at d to a fixed support and is connected to an actuating link 6 pivoted to the free end of a toggle lever f which ismounted at the other end to rock about the fixed pivot g, while the center pin it of the toggle lever is connected to a rod 71 driven from an eccentric j on a shaft driven by the engine. The free end is of the toggle'lever is compelled to move in an arc by'supporting it upon a rod Z pivotally mounted upon a partially rotatable crank arm m which permits the pivotal connection of the rod 1 with the crank arm to be moved through a predetermined angle from the position shown in Fig. 8 to that shown in Fig. 9 at the will of the operator.

The arrangement of the parts is such that the tappet a travels farther to the right when the gear is in the position for reversing than when it is in the position for normal running forward and backward, thus giving a longer stroke' to the fuel pump plunger. This is effected by so proportion ing the crank m and the angle through which it is turned that the path of the point is in the reverse position is no longer approximately parallel to a line 1-1 passing through the central point of the path of the pin it and at right angles thereto, but lies is pivotally connected to one end of two\ parallel links 6 and also to links 0 pivoted at 03.. The rear extremity of each link 6' is pivoted to'the ends of the rear members 6 of toggle levers f whose front members 7 are mounted upon a fixed pivot g. The oints h of the toggle levers f are pivoted to a common connecting rod 2' rigid with the strap of the usual eccentric for giving motion to the fuel pump plunger.

The ends in of the members 6 are supported by a rod Z pivotally mounted on a crank .disk m mounted so as to be revolved a predetermined degree at the will of the operator through a hand lever 4 extending radially from the crank disk. By rotating the hand lever l in the direction of the arrow 5 (see Fig. 1) the free ends Z are lowered to cause the rear members 6 to take up a different angular position with respect to the operating rod of the eccentric, whereby reversal is effected, the rear members 6 being partially rotated about the joint but the position of the forward members 7 with respect to the engine crank is not changed.

In order that the gear described above may be mechanically returned to the normal position upon 'reversalin the direction of running of the engine the following mechanism may be employed The crank m is held temporarily in the reverse'position by a pawl 8 pivoted to the bracket 2 at 9 and engaging a recess 10 in a cam 11 on the crank m. When the parts are in the position for normal forward and backward running the pawl bears upon a raised portion 12 of the cam. The pawl 8 is coupled by a rod 13 to a friction clutch 11 (see Fig. 3) mounted on the crank shaft of the engine. In normal running forward and backward the clutch is'held out of engagement with the crank shaft by a rod 13, the pawl 8 resting on the raised part 12 of the cam 11. To reverse the engine the crank m is rotated and thereby the raised part of the cam is moved from engagement with the pawl which moves downward and allows the clutch 14 to engage the crank shaft which tends to drag it around in the direction of its own motion. Further rotation of the crank m by the operator brings the recess 10 in the cam opposite the pawl 8 and allows the rotation of the clutch 14 to draw the pawl into engagement with the recess and thus lock the crank min the position to cause reversal of the engine. of the directionof motion of the crank shaft by the injection of a charge of fuel at or near the beginning of the compression stroke, the clutch 14 moves back with the shaft toward its normal position. In so doing it disengages the pawl from its recess and allows the crank m to fly back under the action ofa'spring 16 to its normal position. The raised portion of the cam then engages the pawl, thereby disengaging the friction clutch 1 from the crank shaft.

In order to control the quantity of fuel injected into the cylinder the crank m is mountedin an eccentric bearing 17,. B rotating the eccentric hearing by a hand ever 18 the stroke of the inertia tappet and consequently the pump plunger are lengthened or shortened as desired.

ing the cylinders arranged in pairs and employing one of the above gears for each cyl-' inder (see Figs. 1, 5 and 6') a solid shaft 19 is arranged co-axially within a hollow shaft 20. On the solid shaft 19 are cams 21 formed by cutting away the shaft at each end at points in proximity to the guide plates 7) for the inertia tappets a. Under each cam 21 bears one arm 22 of a two armed lever fulcrumed on the shaft 22*, the other arm 23 carrying a spring'21 (see Fig. 5) which is connected to the tappet a. T o maintain the two armed lever in contact with the shaft 19 an opposing spring 25 which is stronger than the spring. 21 is anchored to the opposite side of the arm 23. By imparting to the solid shaft 19 a partial rotation either manually by a hand lever 26 or mechanically by a pulley 27which carries a strap operatively connected with the mechanism for disengaging the main engine clutch, the tension of the springs is altered so thatboth tappets will engagetheir respective plunger-s only at a lower speed than that for normal forward running.

The hollow shaft 20 which is brought into play only at the time of reversal has upon it cams 28 and 29. One of these cams 28 engages the head of a bolt 30 extending below one of the plates I), the bolt 30 being adjustably screwed into the plate I) and locked by a nut 31. The other cam 29,

which is adapted to operate in conjunction with the other guide plate 6, bears upon an arm 32 of one of the above mentioned two armed levers, and an arm 33 extending radially from the hollow shaft 20 is connected by a link 34 to a forward extension 35 of one of the links e actuating the two inertia tappets a.

When the reversing lever is pulled over during the motion of the engine, the hollow On reversal engaging the arm 32 to partia shaft is partially rotated through the radi the cam 29 P ly'rotate the latter about the shaft-22 and so 'to reducethe tension of the inertia tappet control spring 24 without altering the position of its respective guide plate. -Meanwhile th'e ally extending arm 33', causin cam 28 at the other end of the hollow shaft A hand lever 4 of angular form is mounted on a fixed pivot at 37 and a pawl 38 is piv oted to it at 39. An arm 40 of the pawl is secured to the rod 13 connected to the friction clutch 14 on the crank shaft as before. The pawl 38 engages the pin 36 causing a cam surface 41 on the forward end of the pawl 38 to keep the clutch 14 disengaged during forward or. backward running. Assuming the en ine to be running either forwardly or bac wardly, the linkl and pawl 38 occupy the position shown in full lines and the clutch 14 is held out ofengagement, and the hand lever 4 is in the position slfown in full lines. When it is desired to reverse the engine the hand lever is moved upwardly into the position indicated in dot and dash lines, and the cam 41 of the pawl 38 rides over the pin 36 during this movev During this operation it enough 7 to allow ment still keeping the clutch 14 disengaged until the pawl 38 engages with the pin 36, the clutch 14 still remaining disengaged. The hand lever 4 is then moved downwardly again until the position of the pawl 38, shown in dotted lines, is reached, when the catch 42 upon the hand lever 4 engages a fixed stop 43, preventing the hand lever from returning to the upperposition under the action of the spring of the disk m. Just before'this position is reached, however, the clutch becomes engaged and holds the pawl 38 in contact with the pin 36. will be noted that the pin 36 has been removed from the posi tion shown in full lines to that shown in dotted lines, thereby obtaining reversal of the engine.

When the engine has changed its direction of rotation the clutch on the crank shaft becomes operative in the reverse direction,

and causes the pawl 38 to be lifted far the pin 36 to become disengaged but not so far as shownin full lines. The disk m returns to normal position under the action of its spring and the hand lever 4 remains in the position shown in full lines. As the pin 36 returns to normal. position it engages the cama41 and moves the pawl 38 into the position shown in full lines, thus disengaging the clutch. a

A pin 44 on the hand lever 4 prevents the catch 42 from falling too far when the hand lever :is moved into the upper position, and

when the engine is running in either the.

forward or backward direction the hand lever 4 .is retained in the position shown in full lines by a fixed stop such as'45.

' In order that it may be possible to cut out any pump'that maybe desired, we pivot at v 46 above each pump alatch 47 havin .a hook 48 -adapted to engage the outer en of the plunger 49 of the pump and prevent it from movement out of the pump. The latch is provided with a screw 50 by means of which the latch may be screwed in its inoperative or operative position. When the latch is inoperative the screw rests beneath a {fixed stop 51 but when it is desired to put a pump out of action the screw is withdrawn so that its end can pass the stop. The latch is then turned on its pivot so. that its book 48 engagesthe front of the plunger 49 and the screw is then screwed in again so thatits end rests upon the upper stop 51. i

.What we claim is I, 1. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuating the pump, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a connection surface of the between the eccentric and the inertia tappet,

a joint in the connection, means for altering the path of the joint pin,- and means for actuating the eccentric.

2. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump having a plunger whose travel when the engine is reversed is longer than the normal, an inertia tappet actuating the plunger, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet,-a connection between the eccentric and t einertia tappet, a joint in. the connection, means for altering the.

path of the joint pin and means for actu-- ating the eccentric.

3. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuating the pump, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a connection between the eccentric and the inertia tappet,

a joint in the connection, means for-altering the path of the joint pin, means for causing the joint pin to return to its normal position after the reversal of theengine, and means for actuating the eccentric. 1

4. In atwo-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump'having a plun' ger whose travel when the engine is reversed is longer than the normal, an inertia tappet actuating the plunger, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a connection between the eccentric and the inertia tappet, a joint in the connection, means for altering the ath of the joint pin, means for causing the oint pin to return to its normal ositlon after-the reversal of the engine, an means for actuating the eccentric.

6. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump having a pluner whose travel when the engine is reversed 1s longer than the normal, an inertia tappet actuating the plunger, a toggle lever one end of which is anchored to a fixed-fulcrum and the other connected to the tappet, a joint pin forming part of the toggle lever and connected to an eccentric, means for alteringthe path of the joint pin and means for actuating the eccentric.

T. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuating the pump, an eccentricactuating the inertia tappet, a connection between the eccentric and the inertia tappet, a joint in the connection, means for altering the path of the-joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet, and means for actuating the eccentric.

8. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuating the pump, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a connection between the eccentric and the-inertia tappet, a jolnt in the connection, means for altering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling. the movement of the tappet, means for altering the tension of the springs, and means for actuating the eccentric.

9. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump having a plunger whose travel when the engine is reversed is longer than the normal, an inertia tappet actuating the plunger, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a. connection between the eccentric and the inertia tappet, a joint in the connection, means for altering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet, and means for actuating the eccentric.

10. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump having a plunger whose travel when the engine is reversed is longer than the normal, an inertia tappet actuating the plunger, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a connection between the eccentric and the inertia tappet, a joint in 'the connection, means for altering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet, means for altering the tension of the springs, and means for actuating the eccentric.

.position after the reversal of the engine and 11. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuatin the pump, a toggle lever, one end of whic is anchored to a xed fulcrum and the other connected to the tappet, 7.0 a joint pin forming part of the toggle lever,- and connected to an eccentric, means for. altering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet and means for actuating the eccentric.

12. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuating the pump, a toggle lever one end of which is anchored to a fixed fulcrum and the other connected to the tappet, a joint pin forming part of. the toggle lever, and connected to an eccentric, means for al-v tering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet, means for altering the tension of the springs, and means for actuating the eccentric.

13. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuating the pump, a toggle lever one end of which is anchored to a fixed fulcrum and the other connected to the tappet, a joint pin forming part of the toggle lever and connected to an eccentric, means for causing the joint pin to return to its normal means for actuating the eccentric.

14. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia. tappet actuating the pump, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a connection between the eccentric and the inertia tappet, a joint in the connection, means for altering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet, a lever connected to the springs, a cam engaging the lever, means for actuating the cam, and means for actuating the eccentric.

15. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection ump having a plunger whose travel when t e engine is reversed 110, is longer than the normal, an inertia tappet actuating the plunger, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappet, a connection between the eccentric and the inertia tappet, a joint in the connection, means for altering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet, a lever connected to the springs, a cam engaging the lever, means for actuating the cam and means for actuating the eccentric.

- 16. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump, an inertia tappet actuatin the pump, a toggle lever one end of Whic is anchored to a fixed fulcrum and the other connected to the tappet, a joint pin forming part of the toggle lever, and connected to an eccentric, means for altering the path of the joint pin, springs controlling the movement of the tappet, a lever connected to the springs, a cam engaging the lever, means for actuating the cam and means for actuating the eccentric.

17. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine having its cylinders arranged in pairs, fuel injection pumps, inertia tappets actuating the pumps, an eccentric actuating the inertia tappets, connections between the eccentric and the inertia tappets, joints in the connections, means for altering the path of the joint pins, springs and guide plates adapted to control the movement of the tappets, means for altering the tension of the springs, and means for altering the position of a guide plate.

18. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, having its cylinders arranged in pairs, fuel injection pumps, inertia tappets actuating the pumps, toggle levers connected to the tappets, joint pins forming part of the toggle levers and connected to an eccentric, springs and guide plates adapted to control the movement of the tappets, means for altering the tension of the springs, means for altering the position of the guide plates and means for actuating the eccentric.

19. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine having its cylinders arranged in pairs, fuel in ection pumps, inertia tappets actuating the pumps, tog le levers connected to the tappets, joint pins %orming part of the toggle levers and connected to an eccentric, springs and guide plates adapted to, control the movement of the tappets, two coaxial shafts one carrying cams engaging levers connected to the springs and the other a cam operating one of the aforesaid levers, a cam adapted to adjust one of the guide plates and means for actuating the eccentric.

20. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection ump, a toggle lever one end of which is anc ored to a fixed fulcrum and the other connected to the tappet, a joint pin forming part of the toggle ever and connected to an eccentric, the free end of the toggle lever being connected to a device for moving the pin from the position for normal running to that of reversing,'means for holding the pin in reversing position and a friction clutch adapted to maintain the pin in the reversing position and to release the pin upon the reversal of the engine, and means for actuating the eccentric.

21.. In a two-stroke internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump having a plunger whose travel when the engine is reversed is longer than the normal, an inertia tappet actuating the plunger, a to gle lever one end of which is anchored to a xed fulcrum and the other connected to the tappet, a joint pin forming partof the toggle lever and con nected to an eccentric, the free end of the toggle lever being connected to a device for moving the in from the position for normal running to t at of reversing, means for holding the pin in reversing position and a friction clutch adapted to maintain the pin in the reversing position and to release the pin upon the reversal of the engine, and means for actuating the eccentric.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention we have signed our names this 9th day of September, 1919.

crown WILFRID AOLAND GREEN. OSWALD WANS. FREDERICK uownm LIVENS. 

